無(wu)心磨床(chuang)是不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)采用工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)軸心定位(wei)而(er)進(jin)行磨削(xue)的(de)類磨床(chuang)，主要(yao)(yao)由(you)磨削(xue)砂輪(lun)、調(diao)整(zheng)輪(lun)和工(gong)件(jian)(jian)支(zhi)架三個機構構成，其中磨削(xue)砂輪(lun)實際(ji)擔(dan)任磨削(xue)的(de)工(gong)作，調(diao)整(zheng)輪(lun)控制(zhi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)旋轉，并(bing)控制(zhi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)進(jin)刀速度，至于工(gong)件(jian)(jian)支(zhi)架乃在磨削(xue)時支(zhi)撐工(gong)件(jian)(jian)，這三種(zhong)機件(jian)(jian)可有(you)數(shu)種(zhong)配(pei)合的(de)方(fang)法，但停止研磨除外，原理上都相同。
無心磨床原理
應用(yong)無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)法(fa)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉表面的(de)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)，通(tong)常指無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)外圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)。在無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)外圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)(shang)，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)不(bu)用(yong)定心(xin)(xin)和(he)支(zhi)承，而是放在砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)之間,由托板和(he)導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)支(zhi)承。砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)般(ban)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在主軸(zhou)部(bu),寬(kuan)度(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)250毫米(mi)的(de)砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)則裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在主軸(zhou)中部(bu),砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)寬(kuan)度(du)可達(da)900毫米(mi)。砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)高(gao)速旋(xuan)(xuan)轉進(jin)行磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue),導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)以較(jiao)慢(man)速度(du)同向旋(xuan)(xuan)轉，帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉作(zuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)進(jin)給(gei)。貫穿磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)時，通(tong)過調整(zheng)導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)軸(zhou)線的(de)微小傾(qing)斜角來實(shi)現(xian)軸(zhou)向進(jin)給(gei)，適(shi)于(yu)(yu)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)細長圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形工(gong)(gong)件(jian)、無(wu)(wu)中心(xin)(xin)孔的(de)短軸(zhou)和(he)套(tao)類工(gong)(gong)件(jian)等。切入(ru)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)時,通(tong)過導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)架(jia)或(huo)砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)架(jia)的(de)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)來實(shi)現(xian)徑向進(jin)給(gei),適(shi)于(yu)(yu)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)帶軸(zhou)肩或(huo)凸臺的(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)，以及圓(yuan)(yuan)錐體(ti)、球體(ti)或(huo)其他素線是曲線的(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)。無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)生(sheng)產率較(jiao)高(gao)，加上(shang)(shang)各種上(shang)(shang)下(xia)料裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置后易于(yu)(yu)實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)，大(da)(da)(da)多用(yong)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)量生(sheng)產，可由不(bu)很熟練的(de)工(gong)(gong)人操作(zuo)。無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)精度(du)般(ban)為(wei)：圓(yuan)(yuan)度(du)2微米(mi)，尺(chi)寸(cun)精度(du)4微米(mi)，高(gao)精度(du)無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)可分別達(da)到0.5微米(mi)和(he)2微米(mi)。此外還(huan)有無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)內圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)和(he)無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)螺紋磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)等。無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)能(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)修整(zheng)和(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)補償。導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)進(jin)給(gei)導(dao)(dao)軌為(wei)雙V型滾針導(dao)(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，采用(yong)伺服電(dian)機(ji)進(jin)給(gei)，能(neng)與(yu)砂(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)修整(zheng)相互補償。機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)配有自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)料機(ji)構，能(neng)進(jin)行自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)循(xun)環磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)。
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